An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils. Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions. These cells fight the invading bacteria, viruses and infections in your body and, in a way, are fighter cells. Your body regularly produces them in the bone marrow. If the body has an infection or disease, a higher number of eosinophils are produced. They then start moving to the affected site or organ to fight off the infection.